Typically, a shear lug(s) is used to transfer large shear forces between a column base and the foundation (See Figure). Anchor rods are generally used to position, level and secure the column base plate. They may be used to transfer smaller shear. Use of standard hole size for bolts, or 1/16” hole clearance, is not practical [...]
The Research Council on Structural Connections (RCSC) Specification for Structural Joints Using High-Strength Bolts provides state-of-the-art criteria for design and installation of ASTM high-strength bolts and assemblies. These recommendations become mandatory if and when the local code adopts them. In Canada, structural design and inspection of bolted joints and installation of high-strength bolts should comply with [...]
One of the most prominent features in the Handbook of Steel Construction, 11th edition, is the addition of availability data for wide-flange or W-shape sections. In Parts 4, 5 and 6, W-shapes that are commonly used and readily available are highlighted by the colour yellow, as shown on the accompanying figure. The design tables in which [...]
For common knife‑edge simple beam shear connection as shown in the figure below, it appears that the shear resistance can be improved by welding across the top edge of the angles. However, beam shear connections must exhibit sufficient end rotation to allow the attainment of bending capacity of a simply supported beam, for example. Therefore, welding [...]
Bolted connections, used in seismic‑force‑resisting systems (SFRS) for which the seismic design loads are based on a ductility‑related force modification factor, Rd, greater than 1.5, must satisfy Clause 27.1.6 of S16‑14 as well as other pertinent requirements that apply to bolted connections. In accordance with Clause 27.1.6, these bolted connections shall: (a) have pretensioned [...]
The bolted detail shown in Figure 1 below is a popular detail in bridge retrofitting. The CSA Standard S6, Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, requires that cross-frame connection plates be connected to both flanges of bridge girders. In this detail, the stiffener also serves as a cross-frame connection plate. Both distortion-induced fatigue (resulting from secondary stresses [...]
More and more components in steel structures are lending themselves to steel castings, simply due to the numerous benefits offered. Steel castings not only provide a seamless finish, ideal for architecturally exposed structural steel (AESS) applications, but the benefits from a structural design standpoint are also of value. A cast steel node may be a junction [...]
Steel members subject to combined axial tension (T) and bending moment (M) can occur in steel trusses and other applications. For such cases, and for Class 3 sections in particular, Clause 13.9 provides a pair of interaction equations: where S is the elastic section modulus, and A is the cross-sectional area. Engineers are sometimes puzzled by [...]
Recently, many new and updated cUL fire-rated design listings for common steel floor and roof assemblies have been added to the UL Directory. These comprehensive cUL design listings are valid for use in Canada without load restriction. Following extensive fire testing and research studies, these design listings were released to cover assemblies and members for common [...]
In order to simplify the procedure for determining earthquake loads and effects in regions of low seismicity, a simplified static procedure has been introduced in National Building Code of Canada 2015. In this article, the force magnitude of a building in terms of the base shear, as determined in accordance with this simplified procedure, is compared [...]